The last big bang?

The Big Bang is bang on.

The Big Bang Theory

The first theoretical evidence for the Big Bang came from Alexander Friedmann in 1922, when he showed that Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicted that the universe was either expanding or contracting. Einstein was so upset with this result that he introduced a cosmological constant into his theory which would make the universe static. Later he said that this was his biggest bl...

STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION USING BIG BANG-BIG CRUNCH ALGORITHM: A REVIEW

The big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm is a popular metaheuristic optimization technique proposed based on one of the theories for the evolution of the universe. The algorithm utilizes a two-phase search mechanism: big-bang phase and big-crunch phase. In the big-bang phase the concept of energy dissipation is considered to produce disorder and randomness in the candidate population while in ...

Estimation of parameters of metal-oxide surge arrester models using Big Bang-Big Crunch and Hybrid Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithms

Metal oxide surge arrester accurate modeling and its parameter identification are very important for insulation coordination studies, arrester allocation and system reliability. Since quality and reliability of lightning performance studies can be improved with the more efficient representation of the arresters´ dynamic behavior. In this paper, Big Bang – Big Crunch and Hybrid Big Bang – Big Cr...

The Big Bang - in Controversy

By the early 1970s, more than thirty years ago, scientific “consensus” was reached that the Big Bang was indeed the way it all must have happened. New theoretical ideas came along to support the details: inflation, to quickly move the explosion away from a singularity; baryogenesis, to initially make all the matter from the hot soup; string theory, to explain some of these details; and early fl...